and the Celtic Church influence, which they had imported, ceased when Roman orthodoxy was accepted at the Council of Toledo in a.d. 633. However, the See of Bretoña existed until at least a.d. 830.

Celtic influence in the area had disappeared long before the ninth century a.d. Asturias, with its capital at Léon (name from the Celtic Lugdunum), became the centre from which the liberation of Iberia from the conquest of the Moors began in the eighth century a.d. There are some identifiable signs of a Celtic culture in Galicia today; some words of Celtic origin have survived in the Galician language, which is a Romance language, deriving from the same Hispanic dialect as Portuguese. Musical expression in the area also has an echo of Celtic forms. These Celtic elements came from the fifth and sixth century settlements and not from the pre-Roman conquest period of Celtiberia.

Gálioin

[I] Fir Gálioin, one of three groups identified as people of the Firbolg.

Gall

[I] The oldest meaning of the word was a person from Gaul. In subsequent usage, in Irish, Manx, and Scots Gaelic, it became the word for a stranger or foreigner.

Gallia Cisalpina

A Celtic country between the Alps and the Appennines, along the Po Valley. A confederation of Celtic tribes (including the Bituriges, Arverni, Senones, Aedui, Ambarri, Carnutes, Auelerci, Insurbres, and Taurini) had established themselves in the Po Valley by the sixth century b.c. Livy records their “invasion myth” in that they were led by Bellosvesos (“he who can kill”). They defeated the Etruscans in battle, particularly in 474 b.c. at Ticino. On July 18, 390 b.c., they defeated the Romans at the River Allia and went on to take Rome itself. The story is almost a part of Latin mythology.

By 349 b.c. the Celts were still ranging south as far as Apulia. Titus Livius, better known as Livy (59 b.c.–a.d. 17), grew up at Patavium (Padua) in the country of the Celts. His family were settlers during the aftermath of the Roman conquest of Cisalpine Gaul. His Ab urbe condita libri (History of Rome from its Foundation) is fabulous and epic, and unlike most Latin histories. Camille Jullian has suggested that it is made up of Celtic traditions, which Livy would have known well from his childhood. There is one