Notes
Foreword to the Third Edition
1. Unfinished Tales 294.
2. Bernard Levin, The Observer.
A
1. Book II Chap 1.
2. Book II Chap. 8. For a fuller account of the meaning of the Hymn, see Notes and Translations to the Song Cycle The Road Goes Ever On.
3. Book III Chap. 4.
4. For a full account of Aldarion’s life, his deeds and his disastrous marriage, see ‘Aldarion and Erendis’ (UT 223–80).
5. Much more, some of it at variance with this account and with itself, is said of Amroth in UT 310–20.
6. MR 305–26.
7. For a fuller description, see UT 215–17.
8. Book II Chap. 4.
9. Silmarillion, 317.
10. Prologue I.
11. Book II Chap. 9.
12. Appendix AI (iv). In some editions the word royalty has been misprinted loyalty.
13. Appendix AI (iv).
14. Ibid.
15. In available translations from the Shire Records there exists an odd discrepancy concerning the dates of the various events which brought an end to Arvedui and the realm of Arthedain. In Appendix AI (iv), King Eärnil II of Gondor is said to have learned about the impending invasion of Angmar in the autumn of 1973 Third Age; yet although he ‘sent his son Eärnur north with a fleet, as swiftly as he could,’ according to ‘The Tale of Years’ (Appendix B) this force did not reach Lindon until 1975, probably in spring. Appendix B also gives 1975 as the year of Arvedui’s death. Yet, if the information in Appendix A I (iii) is also correct, this must mean that the fugitive King remained with the Snow-men of Forochel for just over a year – which is plainly as erroneous an assumption as presuming that Eärnur was over a year at sea. The probable origin of this problem lies in the fact that ‘The Tale of Years’ was compiled (by the Tooks) from a number of varying sources, whereas the (abridged) sections on Arnor and Gondor in the Appendices were originally copied from existing records. At any rate the compilers seem to have misrepresented the events of the year 1974 as occurring in two separate years, 1974 and 1975. In this Companion, therefore, the year 1974 has been taken as the date of Arthedain’s fall, Arvedui’s death, the arrival of Eärnur’s fleet and the subsequent Battle of Fornost, in which Angmar was also thrown down for ever.
16. MR 303–66.
17. Appendix A III.
B
1. LT II 216.
2. Book VI Chap. 3.
3. A greatly expanded version of the events leading up to and including the Battle of the Field of Celebrant may be found in UT 373–414.
4. For a macabre reason for this, see UT 358–59.
5. See UT 460–84 for a more detailed account of the clashes at the Fords of Isen during the War of the Ring.
6. Apart from the ‘Petty-Dwarves’, who had preceded them into Beleriand.
7. The Adventures of Tom Bombadil.
8. Book VI Chap. 5.
9. For a much-abbreviated translation see Book I Chap. II; a fuller account, in prose form, can be read in Silmarillion, pp. 162–87.
10. Book II Chap. 1.
11. Ibid.
12. UT 519–20.
13. Hobbit.
14. Appendix A I.
C
1. Book II Chap. 7.
2. Ibid.
3. The deeds and dwelling-places of Celeborn and Galadriel between the Fall of Eregion and their accession to Lórien – and even an approximate date for the latter – are uncertain, since surviving accounts are at variance. The version given in this entry conforms to the belief generally shared before the publication of Unfinished Tales (294–348). For a revised version of the same history, see entry under GALADRIEL.
4. Book II Chap. 6.
D
1. Hobbit.
2. The Adventures of Tom Bombadil.
3. PME 314.
4. Appendix III
5. Hobbit.
E
1. UT 243.
2. Book II Chap. 1.
3. Book II Chap. 8.
4. Book II Chap. 7.
5. UT 359.
6. Book II Chap. 8.
7. UT 321–26.
8. Appendix A I (i).
9. Appendix A I (iii).
10. Book II Chap. 1.
F
1. Hobbit.
2. Book I Chap. 2.
3. Prologue.
4. Book III Chap 4.
5. Appendix F I.
6. PME 221.
7. Book IV Chap. 5.
8. Book II Chap. 5.
9. Book VI Chap. 9.
G
1. UT 294–348.
2. Ibid. It is also suggested in this source that Galadriel’s voyage to Middle-earth was made independently of the fleets of Fëanor.
3. His grand-nephew. See LINES OF DESCENT.
4. The Road Goes Ever On, 60.
5. According to one tradition, Celeborn and Galadriel (and not Celebrimbor) actually founded Eregion. Another, not necessarily exclusive, claims that they were present at the time (c. 1700 Second Age) of Sauron’s attack upon Eregion and helped to defend it. See UT 300–305.
6. Although it has long been supposed that Galadriel and Celeborn came to Lórien in the Second Age, according to late sources (UT 314–17) this is not so. Certainly they appear to have taken an interest in Lórien, and to have formed friendly relations with its ruling house, but it was not until the Third Age was well advanced that they actually came to live there as its Lord and Lady. This was connected with the death of Amroth, its last ruling prince.
7. Appendix B.
8. PME 377–82.
9. A glimpse of the glory of Gondolin is revealed in the account of Tuor’s coming there in Year 494 First Age, passing in turn each of its seven enchanted elven-gates. UT 23–74.
10. Book I Chap. 2.
11. For an account of Grimbold’s heroic part in these earlier battles – hitherto unrevealed – see UT 460–84.
12. Book III Chap. 3.
13. Book V Chap. 4.
H
1. Prologue I.
2. A short extract appears in the Prologue.
3. LOTR passim.
4. Appendix F.
5. Book III Chap. 7.
6. For a genealogical table of the early descendants of Elros, see UT 270.
7. MR 330–33.
8. The story of Morgoth’s curse upon Húrin of Dor-lómin is told very fully in two places: ‘The Tale of the Children of Húrin’ (Narn i hîn Hürín) can be found in UT 75–209; for its addendum and exegesis ‘The Wanderings of Húrin’, see WJ 251–310.
9. For a fuller description of this province, see UT 217–18.
10. Ibid.
I
1. UT 516–17.
2. Ibid.
3. The Battle of the Gladden Fields is vividly described in UT 351–69.
4. UT 510.
K
1. Appendix F II.
2. Appendix A I (iv).
L
1. Published as The Silmarillion.
2. Book II Chap. 3.
3. Appendix B.
4. PME 403–05.
5. This includes extra material derived from MR 306.
6. UT 294–348.
7. The only surviving example of a linnod appears in Appendix A I (v).
8. Appendix A I (iii).
9. One legend states that the mellyrn were introduced into Lothlórien by Galadriel herself (UT 311).
10. UT 315.
11. Appendix B.
12. Book I Chap. 2.
M
1. UT 475.
2. See also UT 214–15.
3. The Road Goes Ever On 61.
4. Book II Chap. 3.
5. Book II Chap. 4.
6. See UT 214–15 for a full description of this province.
7. Book IV Chap. 3.
8. Book I Chap. II.
9. Appendix F II.
10. Book II Chap. 4.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Appendix A III.
14. Appendix A II.
15. Book V Chap. 6.
16. Book V Chap. 10.
17. Book VI Chap. 1.
N
1. Book IV Chap. 6.
2. Appendix F I.
3. Appendix A I (iv).
4. A fascinating and detailed description of ancient Númenor may be found in UT 213–21, together with the only known map of this now lost realm.
5. Appendix A I (i).
O
1. Book II Chap. 2.
2. Book I Chap. 7.
3. Book IV Chap. 3.
4. Book III Chap. 4.
5. Hobbit Chaps. 4, 5 and 6.
6. PME 390.
7. See UT 218 for full description.
8. Book III Chap. 8.
P
1. Of varying sizes; a late source (UT 521–36) tells us that some were so large they could not be lifted by one man. Each was originally set in a stone bed and could be rotated by hand.
2. Orientation (polarisation) before use was vital; direction (of vision) could be obtained by seating oneself on the opposite side of a correctly calibrated palantír.
3. Book VI Chap. 4; the Paean to the Ring-bearers.
R
1. UT 505.
2. Published as The Hobbit.
3. The Lord of the Rings.
4. The Adventures of Tom Bombadil.
5. Appendix A I (iii).
6. Silmarillion 153–54.
7. Appendix A III.
8. Book II Chap. 2.
9. See Appendix E II for a full description of the Elvish runic system (as redeveloped by Dwarves of Moria and Erebor).
S
1. Book IV Chap. 3.
2. Book VI Chap. 4
3. Appendix B.
4. Book III Chap. 11.
5. Book I Chap. 11.
6. Book II Chap. 7.
7. In fact there were many more rivers flowing through Gondor – Anduin, Ciril (or Kiril), Celos (Kelos), Serni, Entwash, Poros and (disputably) Harnen. The term ‘Seven Rivers of Gondor’ applies strictly to Old Gondor (i.e. at the time of its founding).
8. Book VI Chap. 1.
9. Book IV Chap. 9.
10. Book VI Chap. 1.
11. Book IV Chap. 5.
T
1. MR 345–48.
2. Book II Chap. 7.
3. An interesting light on Gandalf’s difficulties in persuading Thorin to agree to his plan is revealed in UT 415–35.
4. Book III Chap. 4.
5. The monster Grendel, slain by the Anglo-Saxon warrior Beowulf, was clearly a troll.
6. A very much longer version of the Tuor legend may be found in UT 23–74.
7. Mention must be made here of a remarkable belief, recounted in several places and forms, to the effect that the Children of Húrin – Túrin and Nienor – were ‘washed clean’ of their sorrows after death and reunited in bliss in Valinor; and that, at the Last Battle at the end of the world, when Morgoth shall return, it will be Túrin’s avenging arm which deals the death-stroke. See PME 374–75.
U
1. Book III Chap. 3.
2. Appendix F.
3. Treebeard was of the opinion that it was Saruman who was responsible for this ill-starred essay in genetic engineering, but it was surely beyond his art. Besides, the race of uruks had appeared on the borders of Gondor several generations earlier.
V
1. Silmarillion 25–32.
2. The Road Goes Ever On 66.
3. Appendix A I (i).
W
1. Appendix A III.
2. According to a late source this creature was – or had been – called Khamûl, the only Ringwraith to be named in records. See UT 456.
3. Book V Chap. 4.
4. See UT 215.
5. Appendix B.
6. For more detail (and speculation) on the origins of the Istari, see UT 502–20.
7. A late source (UT 487–501) claims that the recognition of this people as True Men (by the Eldar and Edain) led to a small portion of them actually accompanying the few Haladin who went to Númenor early in the Second Age; they were also the first to sense trouble approaching, and either died out there or came back to Middle-earth long before the Downfall.
8. Ibid.